Marsh ecosystems are fed by ground or surface water and have changeable water levels and water tables. They occur on gentle slopes in valley floors and margins as well as on the edges of rivers and lakes. They have medium to high fertility and are slightly acid to neutral pH. In some cases, areas of a marsh can seasonally dry out and then re-wet.

Marsh ecosystems are home to native rushes, grasses, sedges and herbs but are also often occupied by invasive non-native pasture grasses. The projected natural range of marshes in Aotearoa is 322,502 hectares.

More info: Wetland Restoration Handbook

Common native species, photos courtesy of NZ Plant Conservation Network: